Population trends in southern Africa were mixed, with anecdotal reports of losses in Zambia, Mozambique and Angola while populations grew in Botswana and Zimbabwe and were stable in South Africa. Elephants have a broad body, two small eyes, four large legs, two white husks (teeth), and a short tail. They enter a state of increased testosterone and aggression known as musth, which helps them gain dominance over other males as well as reproductive success. [134] Tool modification by these animals is not as advanced as that of chimpanzees. The trunk is used for breathing, bringing food and water to the mouth, and grasping objects. [105] Most mate-guarding is done by musth males, and females actively seek to be guarded by them, particularly older ones. Suckling bouts tend to last 2–4 min/hr for a calf younger than a year and it continues to suckle until it reaches three years of age or older. They are known for their large floppy ears, tusks made of ivory, long trunks and their intelligence. A group containing more than two adult females plus offspring is known as a "joint family". Let us get to know a bit more about these beautiful beings. They fed us, clothed us, and gave us a suitable education. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs, whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears, and convex or level backs. Touching is especially important for mother–calf communication. In the past, they were used in war; today, they are often controversially put on display in zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The African elephant, Loxodonta africana, in Luanga National Park, Zambia Elephants are the largest living land mammals. [33] The Columbian mammoth colonised the Channel Islands and evolved into the pygmy mammoth. [68] In addition, the ventricles separate near the top of the heart, a trait they share with sirenians. These tusks look like canine teeth and protect them from their enemies. Some aggressive interactions between elephants and rhinoceros have been recorded. [148] Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Malawi wanted to continue the ivory trade and were allowed to, since their local elephant populations were healthy, but only if their supplies were from elephants that had been culled or died of natural causes. Elephants are considered to be very intelligent, as they have a great learning capacity. Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu. Because they are classified as Endangered and Vulnerable, it is especially important to spread awareness about their safety. Malay elephant populations have even smaller family units, and do not have any social organisation higher than a family or bond group. Allomothers are typically two to twelve years old. In olden times, elephants were used in wars because they could easily attack with their tusks and trunks. [140] In 1979, Africa had an estimated minimum population of 1.3 million elephants, with a possible upper limit of 3.0 million. Warm blood flows into the capillaries, helping to release excess body heat into the environment. This can last from a day to four months. African elephants are the largest species of elephants and can weigh up to 8 tons. Once the male elephants become adults, they separate from their pack and prefer living a solitary life. [20] The beginning of the Miocene saw the second diversification, with the appearance of the deinotheres and the mammutids. The nasal septum is composed of tiny muscle units that stretch horizontally between the nostrils. Families may associate and bond with each other, forming what are known as bond groups which typically made of two family groups. 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